Modern World War: Global Challenges Modern world war is an increasingly complex reality in the era of globalization. With advances in technology and communications, the impact of large-scale conflicts is no longer limited to national borders. In this context, there are several global challenges that have arisen as a result of modern world war, both from a political, economic and social perspective. First, the political impact of modern war is seen through increasing tensions between countries. For example, conflicts in the Middle East often involve great powers, which complicates international diplomacy. The involvement of the US and Russia in the Syrian conflict shows how geopolitical interests can trigger conflict escalation. Each country tries to maintain its influence, which often leads to proximal wars and widespread war brokers. Apart from that, modern war also affects the global economy. War often destroys infrastructure, causing a drastic decline in foreign investment. For example, the war in Yemen has resulted in a serious humanitarian crisis, impacting the economy and trade sectors. Countries involved in conflict often miss opportunities to optimally develop their resources, thereby creating long-term economic instability. The social challenges arising from war are also significant. Refugees and mass migration are a direct result of large-scale conflict. According to UNHCR data, the number of global refugees has reached its highest level in history, with millions of people forced to flee their homes. This not only impacts countries of origin, but also destination countries which often face challenges in integrating and providing services to immigrants. Turning to the environmental dimension, modern warfare also adds pressure to ecosystems. Pollution and environmental destruction due to armed conflict have long-term impacts. Research shows that areas that have been hit by war often experience prolonged damage to land and water. This has become a global concern considering the impact of climate change which is already threatening human life. Technology also plays a role in modern warfare, where cyber weapons and drones are becoming common tools of warfare. Cybersecurity is becoming a major challenge, with countries attacking each other using digital tools. Cyberattacks can damage critical infrastructure and threaten national security without involving conventional troops. The international community must adapt to these new challenges. Diplomacy must function not only to defuse conflict, but also to address the deeper roots of problems. Inclusive multilateral agreements need to be strengthened to create sustainable peaceful resolutions. At the same time, global education and awareness about the impact of war needs to be increased to reduce the chances of future conflict. Modern world wars create interconnected and complex challenges. To face this global challenge, collaboration between countries and international organizations is very important. Efforts to build sustainable peace require a deep understanding of conflict dynamics and social and economic sustainability.